Birch die-back: A disease that affected much of the yellow birch in this area resulting in death of the tree.

Broad axe: A short-handled axe with a twelve-inch blade that is bevelled on one side like a chisel and was used for squaring timber.

Broomage: The six inches allowed on logs for damage in transportation.

Buck: To saw fallen trees into lengths.

Bull rope: A line attached at each end of a log with a hook to draw the log up onto the skidway pile.

Bush-ranger: The man who scouts a bush area to estimate the timber available. Often responsible for choosing the site of a camp. Bush-cruiser.

C. I. P.: Canadian International Paper Company.

Cant-hook: A tool with a three- or four-foot wooden handle fitted with a swinging hook and an iron tooth. Similar to a peavey, but of an earlier design.

Chickadee: The person who cleans the winter roads of debris and horse manure. Road-monkey.

Cookee: Assistant cook.

Crazy wheel: A patented Barienger brake which is anchored at the top of a hill and with an endless cable running through a set of wheels and friction clamp. It was hitched to a sleigh to brake its speed going down a hill with a load of logs.

Cut: A season‘s log production.

Deal: A raft made of squared timber.

Decking lines: Chain run through a block and tackle with a hook at one end so that a horse can haul the log onto a skidway.

Draught chain: Hauling chains.

Driveable water: A stream or river that is suitable for log driving.

FBM: Foot board measure. A method of expressing a quantity of lumber.

Jam: A Jam was caused when logs snagged and piled up on river drive. Often requiring to be pried or dynamited loose.

Jammer: Block and tackle on a twenty-foot A-frame used to hoist logs.

Jobber: A contractor who cut trees with his crew of men for a logging company.

Keep-over: A simple building in which to store supplies over the summer.

Kerf: The slit in a log or tree caused by the saw.

Limit: A specified area, with known boundaries, in which a company may run logging operations.

Linn tractor: One type of steam driven tractor first used in the bush in the 1920s.

Log-haul: Hauling logs from the skidways in the bush to the banks of lakes or rivers.

Mackinaw: Heavy woollen cloth used for shirts, jackets, and pants; first made by the Hudson‘s Bay Company in 1912. Often the term used for the jacket itself.

Peavey: A tool used for rolling logs with a swinging hook. See cant-hook.

Pike pole: Twelve to sixteen-foot pole, with a pike or a gaff on the end, for prodding logs in the water. A shorter four-foot version for handling pulpwood was called a picaroon.

Pine corner: Small area that is isolated and rough, where previous lumbering activities could not be carried out because of the difficulty of operating there. Corner, also used to refer to other species.

Pointer: A light, sharp-ended rowboat used on river drives.

Road-monkey: See chickadee.

Roller: The man who end-stamps the logs for identification, and piles them onto skidways.

Sawyer: The person who either operates the saw in a mill, or uses a crosscut saw in the bush.

Scaler: The man who measures, for the government or the company, the volume of wood cut.

Shake: The condition of breakdown of wood at the tops of tall trees, apparently the result of waving in heavy winds.

Skidder: Machine or tractor that enters the bush to cut, limb, and pile wood. Trade name: timber jack.

Skidway: Logs piled beside the main haul-road during the eastern cutting season to await the log-haul.

Smithy: A Blacksmith‘s workshop

Stumpage: The expression used when an area of forest that is rented for cutting of trees, reckoned at $ X per stump.

Swamper: An unskilled lumberjack, who cuts or swamps hauling roads or skidding trails.

Sweep: To follow a log drive downstream to salvage logs snagged on the banks after the main drive had passed.

Tanking: Spraying water on the road to give it a smooth icy surface.

Teamster: A person who drives horses.

Tote road: Rough bush trail for portaging supplies to camp.

Van: Rudimentary store, which dispenses clothing, tobacco, and odds and ends to men in the camp; from an Algonquin word, wangan, for container of odds and ends. On river drives, the wangan boat was the cook boat, hence, vangoods.